References
Books and Articles
Braathen, Alvar, et al. “The Longyearbyen CO₂ Lab of Svalbard, Norway - Initial Assessment of the Geological Conditions for CO₂ Sequestration.” Norwegian Journal of Geology 92, no. 4 (2012).
Günel, Gökçe. “What Is Carbon Dioxide: When Is Carbon Dioxide.” PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review 39, no. 1 (2016): 35.
Holden, Nora, et al. “Structural Characterization and Across-Fault Seal Assessment of the Aurora CO₂ Storage Site, NorthernNorth Sea.” Petroleum Geoscience 28, no. 4 (2022). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2022-036.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
Kelemen, Peter B., and J.-M. Matter. “In Situ Carbonation of Peridotite for CO₂ Storage.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105, no. 45 (2008): 17295–17300. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805794105.
Pinkus, Karen. Subsurface. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2023).
Senger, Kim, et al. “Longyearbyen CO₂ Lab Project - From a Vision of a CO₂-Neutral Svalbard to a Geoscience Data Eldorado.” Arctic Science 11 (2024): DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2024-0019.
Senger, Kim, Peter Betlem, Alvar Braathen, Tom Birchall, Andrew Hodson, Sten-Andreas Grundvåg, Snorre Olaussen, and Gunnar Sand. “Longyearbyen CO₂ Lab Project—Data and Research Synthesis from the High Arctic.” Paper presented atthe 17th Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies Conference (GHGT-17), October 20–24, 2024. SSRN. SSRN.
Swindles, Peter K., et al. “A 61-Million-Year-Old Record of Arctic Vegetation and Wildfire Activity from the Paleocene Coal-Bearing Strata of Svalbard.” Climate of the Past 21 (2025): 2133–2154. DOI:https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-2133-2025.
White, James C., et al. “Seismic Amplitude Analysis Provides New Insights into CO₂ Plume Morphology at the Snøhvit CO₂ InjectionOperation.” International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 79 (2018): 313–322. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.05.024.
White, Joshua, et al. “Geomechanical Behavior of the Reservoir and Caprock System at the In Salah CO₂ Storage Project.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 24 (2014): 8747–8752. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1316465111.
Yiallourides, Constantinos, Lennart Westmark, and AlexanderProelss. “Cross-Border CO₂ Transport and Storage Networks in Europe through ‘Arrangements’ under the London Protocol.” Ocean Development and International Law. Published online October 16, 2025. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/00908320.2025.2566714.
Webpages and Reports
Arctic Archaeology & Heritage. "Industrial Heritage Sites in Spitsbergen (Svalbard)." Arctic Archaeology & Heritage. 2016. URL:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1873965216300470?via%3Dihub
ADNOC. “ADNOC and 44.01 to Scale Up Carbon-to-Rock Project Following Successful Pilot.” Accessed October 17, 2025. ADNOC. URL:https://adnoc.ae/en/news-and-media/press-releases/2024/adnoc-and-4401-to-scale-up-carbon-torock-project-following-successful-pilot.
Baird Maritime. “Vessel Review: Northern Pioneer—Gas Carrier to Support Norwegian Carbon Capture and Storage Project,” January 2, 2025. Baird Maritime.
URL:https://www.bairdmaritime.com/shipping/gas/vessel-review-northern-pioneer-gas-carrier-to-support-norwegian-carbon-capture-and-storage-project.
Barents Observer. “World’s Northernmost Coal Power Plant Shuts Down.” October 19, 2023. The Barents Observer. URL:https://www.thebarentsobserver.com/arctic/worlds-northernmost-coal-power-plant-shuts-down/119449.
Equinor. “Reducing Emissions from Sleipner and Gudrun.” April 4, 2024. Equinor. URL:https://www.equinor.com/news/20240404-reducing-emissions-from-sleipner-and-gudrun.
Global Energy Monitor. “Global Coal Mine Tracker (Map).” Accessed October 1, 2025. Global Coal Mine Tracker. URL:https://globalenergymonitor.org/projects/global-coal-mine-tracker/tracker-map/
Great Plains Institute and Environmental Defense Fund. “Long-Term Liability for Carbon Capture and Storage: Principles and Considerations.” Great Plains Institute and Environmental Defense Fund. URL:https://carboncaptureready.betterenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Long-Term-Liability.pdf.
Miljødirektoratet (Norwegian Environment Agency). “Tillatelse etter forurensningsloven til injeksjon og lagring av CO2 på Aurorafeltet, Northern Lights JV DA” April 30, 2025. Tillatelsesnummer 2025.0379.T, sec. 3.2. Miljødirektoratet. URL:https://www.miljodirektoratet.no/globalassets/aktuelt/fagmeldinger/2025/mai/northern-lights---co2-lagringstillatelse-3004252.pdf.
MIT Carbon Sequestration Program. “Sleipner.” Accessed October 17, 2025. MIT Carbon Sequestration Program. URL:https://sequestration.mit.edu/tools/projects/sleipner.html.
Northern Lights. “Accelerating Decarbonisation.” Accessed September 1, 2026. Northern Lights CCS.
OSH Marine. “First Liquid CO₂ Carrier for CCS Ready for Delivery in China.” December 1, 2024. OSH Marine. URL:https://oshmarine.com/2024/12/01/first-liquid-co2-carrier-for-ccs-ready-for-delivery-in-china/.
U.S. Department of Energy. “Green River, Utah, Disposal Site Fact Sheet.” August 2022. U.S. Department of Energy. URL: https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2022-08/GreenRiverFactSheet.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com.
Utah Geological Survey. “GeoSights: Crystal Geyser, Grand County, Utah.” Accessed September 10, 2025. Utah Geological Survey. URL: https://geology.utah.gov/map-pub/survey-notes/geosights/crystal-geyser/?utm_source=chatgpt.com.
Verdens Gang (VG). “Norges siste kullgruve.” June 30, 2025. VG. URL:https://www.vg.no/nyheter/i/wgoVe1/norges-siste-kullgruve.
